There are mercenaries guarding the asylum and will shoot you only when you stay inside the premises. If you kill them, you’ll eventually be tracked down by a ghoul mercenary leader named Edward Deegan who will give you the quest “Special Delivery”. The door requires a key so you won’t be able to enter it immediately. Also, you’ll only be able to fully explore the interior of the Asylum during/ after the quest “The Secret of Cabot House”.
There are three doors located from the lobby; one is chained, the other requires a key, and the only one you can open. Second floor, second room has an Advanced Door and Expert Safe inside.
The Charisma Bobblehead is found in the office room to the SW. During the quest, this is the room where you’ll find the wounded Edward. Pick it up then talk to Jack to update your objective. Follow him out unchain the double door leading back to the lobby. Open the middle door this time and take out the raiders. Use the stairs to the scaffolding and enter the next room. Now enter the blue door to reach the next area.
Inside the Asylum’s interior, there’s an advanced door in front of the door to the kitchen. Continue down the broken floor and clear the raiders in the next area. Head east this time and enter the Hole in the Wall to reach the lower level. Check out the individual containment cells here to find more loot. In the office of the corridor, there’s an office with a Syringer Rifle. Drop down from the broken restroom floor then go around to the next corridor. The small room by the utility elevator has an Advanced Floor safe. Next, join Jack to take the elevator further down.
In the basement, open the containment cell where Lorenzo Cabot is kept (once he’s dead or when he’s alive) to get an issue of the Massachusetts Surgical Journal inside. In the containment area where Lorenzo Cabot is kept, you’ll find more samples of the Mysterious Serum on the desk and from the dead body of some raiders who used them.