You can unlock more costumes by doing the following. Credits to the wonderful people in this Gamefaqs thread that compiled and shared their findings to help us fellow players.
Valentines Outfit (Both) - Complete story mode once
Duck Costume (Both) - Complete Boss Rush Mode within the time limit
Bunny Costume (Remi) - Clear Wildcard Spell mode
Bunny Costume (Choux) - Clear Wildcard Weapon mode
Police Uniform (Remi) - Destroy a training dummy.
Police Uniform (Choux) - Complete story mode once as Choux
Military Uniform (Remi): Completely story mode in Custom Loadout mode
Military Uniform (Choux) - Clear Hard Mode
Cheerleader (Remi) - Clear Nightmare Mode
Gym Uniform (Remi) - Complete Powerhouse Mode
Gym Uniform (Choux) - Complete Sugar Rush Mode