Walkers
Most basic zed. Slow and weak, comes in groups of 3 to 5. Nothing special, just make sure you hit 'em in the head.
Crawlers
Zed that drags itself in the ground. Almost useless, weakest of all zombies.
Runners
Basic zombies but instead of walking they are always running, and that's about it. Their low, running stance differentiates them from the norm. Actually an easy one to deal with since they separate themselves from the horde.
Screamers
Weakest of the special types. They have no arms and is very weak physically. They pose no threat by themselves. However they have the capability to call nearby zeds by screaming loudly. They don't spawn zeds however, they only call them, so if there are no zeds close to the area, they're basically harmless, but that's pretty uncommon actually. Kill them first always. Also it is very advisable to snipe them from a distance if you are expecting them gathering with hordes.
Bloaters
They die in one hit anywhere, however it is the toxic gas left by their explosions that brings the most potential danger. The toxins damage your health and stamina, and even damage your vehicle as well. Shoot them safely from a distance, or you can taunt them by waving at them, then rolling out of harm's way to escape their explosions.
Armored/Swat Zeds
Aside from having headshot resistance from guns, they are pretty basic overall. They only become a burden when grouped with others since they have to be hit in the head with a melee weapon only.
Ferals
Extremely dangerous. They are fast, deals massive damage, and pounces on you. Plus they can instant kill you if you have low health remaining. On top of that, they have very high defense. If they pounced on you, hit B like crazy to escape. The best way to deal with them is to shoot them from afar before they will know you're there or run them over using vehicles. They radiate a greenish color, so be warned when you notice one. For melee combat, use heavy and blunt weapons against them. Finally, never run away from them at all costs. If they've already seen you, killing them is the only way out.
Big 'Uns/ Juggernauts
They can take heavy punishment, deal extreme punishment on you, are quite fast, can break barricades and enter houses, deals damage to Vehicles while taking almost nothing in return, and as if those weren't enough, they also have a special instant-kill grab. To beat them, always remember that after they ram towards you, they are open for headshots at the back of the head, which is highly advisable since you'll want to avoid melee combat totally. Their biggest weakness however is fire. Fire-based weapons like Flame Fougasse and Molotovs kill them very efficiently and very safely.