There are four new locations to explore in destiny 2 and they each have Patrols, enemy encounters, public events and chests to find. There are two new Adventures (side-missions) given to you by characters in the world and also Lost Sectors, which are marked on your map as new places to explore, with a cache of treasure and a boss to fight waiting at the end of it.
The first Location you will visit after The Last City has fallen to Ghual will be The European Dead Zone on Earth. This location contains The Farm which is amid a forest and a ruined village.
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and where you will find Commander Zavala who sells Titan Armour and emblems. The planet was a human utopia that is slowly sinking into an ocean of methane.
Nessus is a Centaur minor planet with an irregular orbit and where you will find Cayde-6 who sells Hunter Armour and emblems. This location has vast canyons covered in lush native vegetation.
Lo is a sulphuric moon of Jupiter and the most distant planet from Earth. It is a cold world knotted with giant tree roots, steaming geysers and considered a sacred place by the Warlocks. Lo is where you will find Ikora Rey who sells Warlock Armour and emblems.