Gaining Karma and Dogmeat

...That's just about it when it gets to earning Karma. Roam around Vault 101, he's around in the area.

You can kill very evil people and turn in evil characters fingers if you have the Lawbringer perk.

Dogmeat is in the Scrapyard located northeast of Vault 101.

Killing evil charactors or go to bigtown and sometimes at night supermutants come and you can kill them for good karma

1. Giving water is really the fastest way. Your robo butler in your house will give you five bottles of water every couple days, and you can find water in first aid boxes as well. Spam these to weird guys, and you'll have your good karma. Or, do a quest with a moral choice and pick the "good" choice, such as disarming the bomb in Megaton, or talking the Ant Agonizer and The Mechanist into giving up their superhero status.

2. It's the scrap yard, not the junkyard. It's north of Megaton. A good way to find it is to find Moira Brown in Megaton in Cratorside supply, start the quest, "The Wasteland Survival Guide", and tell her you're interested in researching landmines. She'll put a marker on your map for the Minefield, and the Scrapyard is south of there. You'll probably see it on the way to the Minefield. Dogmeat is fighting Raiders in the Northeastern part.

Tip on tranq lane: if you go to the abandoned house and do a combination on items I can't remeber what it was but you can find it on guides and stuff and activate the failsafe and then go outside then there will chine soldiers out side killin every1 it skip the whole tranquility lane quest and you get loads of good karma and dogmeat is in the junkyard southeast of paradise falls
hope it helps